PriparabilityierminingSubsidiesandDumping[9]
ArticleⅥoftheGATT1994,theAgreementoionofArticleⅥoftheGeonTariffsandTrade1994(“Anti-Dumpi”)andtheSCMAgreementshallapplyinprogsinvolvingimportsofeseinintoaWTOMembertwiththefollowing:
(a)IerminingpriparabilityuicleⅥoftheGATT1994ai-DumpiheimpWTOMembershalluseeitheresepricesorcostsfortheindustryuiohodologythatisriparisonwithdomesticpricesorabasedonthefollowingrules:
(i)Iftheproduderiionclearlyshowthatmarketeysprevailiryprodugthelikeproductwithregardtothemaioproduct,theimpWTOMembershalluseesepricesorcostsfortheindustryuioerminingpriparability;
(ii)TheimpWTOMembermayuseamethodologythatisriparisonwithdomesticpricesoraiftheproduderiionotclearlyshowthatmarketeysprevailiryprodugthelikeproductwithregardtomaioproduct。
(b)InprogsusⅡ,ⅢandⅤoftheSCMAgreement,whenaddressingsubsidiesdesArticles14(a),14(b),14(d14(d),relevantprovisionsoftheSCMAgreementshallapply;however,iftherearespecialdiffithatapplipWTOMembermaythehodologiesforidentifyihesubsidybewhitoatthepossibilitythatprevailingtermsandsinamaynotalwaysbeavailableasappropriatebenchmarks。Inapplyihodologies,wherepracticable,theimpWTOMembershouldadjustsuchprevailingtermsandsbeforegtheuseoftermsandsprevailingoutsidea。
(c)TheimpWTOMembershallhodologiesusedinaceh(a)totheitteeonAnti-DumpingPradshallhodologiesusedinaceh(b)totheitteeonSubsidiesandtervailingMeasures。
(d)Onahasestablished,uionallawoftheimpWTOMember,thatitisamarketey,theprovisionsraph(a)shallbeterminatedprovidedthattheimpMember'snationallawarketeycriteriaasofthedateofa。Iheprovisionsraph(a)(ii)shallexpire15yearsafterthedateofa。Inaddition,shouldaestablish,pursuaionallawoftheimpWTOMember,thatmarketeysprevailinapartidustryorsector,theeyprovisionsraph(a)shallothatindustryorsector。
(七)开放服务贸易市场
乌拉圭回合谈判在服务领域达成了《服务贸易总协定》,要求成员方给予服务和服务的提供者以最惠国待遇、国民待遇,并通过后续的谈判进一步达成了《基础电信协定》、《信息技术协定》和《金融服务贸易协定》,逐步开放了电信、银行、保险、运输、建筑、零售等行业。与WTO的服务贸易立法相比,中国服务贸易方面的立法还存在着相当大的差距,一些服务贸易领域特别是金融、保险、律师、证券、旅游、基础电信、商业零售、航运等部门,相关立法比较滞后。[10]因此,在开放服务贸易市场的同时,中国近几年也在加紧制定和完善相关法律。
根据《中国加入WTO工作组报告书》有关规定,中国政府承诺,中国的许可程序和条件本身不构成市场准入的壁垒,对贸易的限制作用不超过必要的限度。自加入时起,中国将公布授权、批准或管理中国已作出具体承诺的服务部门的主管机关的清单,以及中国的许可程序和条件。中国加入议定书附件9《中华人民共和国服务贸易具体承诺减让表》对中国在服务贸易领域的水平承诺和具体承诺进行了详细规定。
具体承诺减让表是中国对各服务贸易行业承诺,包括适用于承诺表所列的所有领域的水平承诺与适用于各个行业的具体承诺。水平承诺与具体承诺均从服务贸易的跨境交付、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动四个方面对于市场准入和国民待遇原则作出适用的限制。
以下是承诺减让表关于水平承诺和具体承诺的主要规定。
I。HORIZONTALENTS
Limitationsoaccess
(3)ercialpresence
Ina,ferprisesincludefnterprises(alsoreferredtoaswherprises)andjoierprisesawotypesofjoierprises:equityjoiuresandtratveheproportiiyjoiureshallbehaisteredcapitalofthejoiablishmentofbranchesbyferprisesisunbouherwiseindispecificsub-sectors,asthelawsaionsonbrancheserprisesareunderformulatioiveofficeserprisesarepermittedtobeestablishedina,buttheyshallnotengageinanyprofit-makingactivitiesexceptfortherepresentativeoffiderCPC861,862,863,865ioralspeents。
&ionsofownership,operationaivities,assetoutiivetractualorsharehreementoriablishingtheoperationorsupplyofserviexistingfnservicesupplier,willnotbemademorerestritheyexistasofthedateofa'satotheWTO。ThelandinthePeople'sRepubliaisState-owned。Useoflaerprisesandindividualsissubjecttothefollowingmaximumtermlimitations:(a)70yearsforresidentialpurposes;(b)50yearsforindustrialpurposes;(c)50yearsforthepurposeofedu,sce,culture,publichealthandphysicaledu;(d)40yearsforercial,touristaionalpurposes;(e)50yearsforpreheionorotherpurposes。
(4)Preseuralpersons
Uformeasuresgtheentryandtemporarystayofnaturalpersonswhofallihefollowingcategories:
(a)MaivesasdefinedassenioremployeesofacorporationofaWTOMemberthathasestablishedarepresentativeoffichorsubsidiaryioryofthePeople'sRepublia,temporarilymovingasintra-corporatetransferees,shallbepermittedentryforaninitialstayofthreeyears;
(b)MaivesasdefinedassenioremployeesofacorporationofWTeheferprisesioryofthePeople'sRepubliaforgbusiness,shallbegrantedaloaypermitasstipulatediermsoftraedoraninitialstayofthreeyears,whicheverisshorter;(c)ServicesalespersobasedioryofthePeople'sRepubliaandreuionfromasourcelocatedwithindwhedinactivitiesrelatedtaservicesupplierforthepurposeofionforthesaleofservicesofthatsupplierwhere:(a)suchsalesarelymadetothegeneralpublid(b)thesalespersonisnotengagedinsupplyingtheservitryforsalespersonsislimitedtoa90-dayperiod。
Limitationonnatio
(3)Unboundforalltheexistingsubsidiestodomesticservicessuppliersiorsofaudio-visual,aviationandmedicalservices。
(4)Uforthemeasuresgtheentryandtemporarystayofnaturalpersonswhofalliegoriesreferredtoian。
II。SPEENTS
A。ProfessionalServices
a。LegalServices
Limitationsoaccess:
(1)Cross-bordersupply:None
(2)ptionabroad:None
(3)ercialpresence