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第三 WTO争端解决机制的基本流程02（第2页）

Article3。7oftheDSUalsosupportsthethattheobligatioDSBreendationsisprospeature。Article3。7states，“Intheabseuallyagreedsolutioobjectiveofthedisputesettlementmeismisusuallytosecurethewithdrawalofthemeasuresedifthesearefoundtobeiheprovisionsofanyofthecreements。”ThefocusofWTOdisputesettlementisonwithdrawalofthemeasure，andnpensationforthemeasure'spastexistence。

InaWTOcaseganantidumpingdutymeasure，themeasureiionisabordermeasure。Agly，revokingaWTOiidumpingdutymeasureprospectivelywillstitute“withdrawal”ofthemeasurewithinthemeaningofArticle3。7oftheDSU。

Article21。3oftheDSUprovidesfurthersupportforthis。Uicle21。3，wheeplianceisimpracticable，MembersshallhaveareasoimeinwhigtheirmeasureintoitywiththeirWTOobligations。NothinginArticle21。3suggeststhatMembersareobliged，duringthecourseofthereasoime，tosuspendapplioftheoffendingmeasure，muchlesstoprovidereliefforpasteffects。Rather，iidumpingandtervailingdutymeasures，eakeplagthereasoimemayuetobeliableforthepaymentofduties。

Articles22。1and22。2oftheDSUnotonlythataMembermaymaiOimeasureuhereasoimeforimplementation，butalsothatherpensationnorthesuspensionofsationsareavailabletotheplaiheofthatreasoime。Thus，theDSUimposesnoobligatiooceaseapplioftheWTOimeasureoriespriortotheendofthereasoime。

PanelaeBodyClarifioftheDSU

theimplementationobligationsofMembersfollowiOreportthatsuplementediivemanner。InEuropeanunities-RegimefortheImportatioributionofBaoArticle21。5oftheDSUbyEcuador[30]，thepaneldiscussedtheprospeatureofthereendatioheAppellateBodymakeuatiimplythattheEderanobligatiodisation”。

&hepriicle3。7oftheDSU“requirespliancasoftheexpiryofthereasoimeforpliahereendatisadoptedbytheDSB”。

IifyingthreepossiblemethodsbywhichtheEuropeanunitiesgthemeasureintoity，heminvaremedyfressions。[31]

WheheAppellateBodyhavebeeomakereendatioiverelief，theyhaverejectedthoserequests，regthataMember'sobligatioheDSUistoprovideprospectivereliefintheformameasureihaWTOagreement，thatmeasureintoitywiththeagreemehereasoime。InthesixyearsofdisputesettlemeOagreements，heAppellateBodyhaseversuggestedthatbringingaWTO-iidumpingdutymeasureintoitywithaMember'sWTOobligatioherefundofantidumpingdutiescolleerdisethateothedateofimplementation。

ada'sviewsoiveapplihavebeehisviewthattheDSUonlyprovidesforprospectiverelief。twiththesraisedbymanyotherMembers，adahasassertedthatifMembers’obligatioheDSUweretoberetroactive，thelanguagewouldhavebeebecause“itwasasignifitdeparturefrompreviouspractice…”[32]

ThiscaseisaboutthedisputesettlemehefactthatadahasmadenodertheDSUisverytelling;ithighlightsada'sdesiretoavoidtheriheDSUdoesroactiveremedies。Se129（suresthatadverseWTOdeswillbeimplemented，iivemanner，inacewiththerequirementsoftheDSU。

…

ForthereasohihePanelcludesthatadahasfailedtoestablishthatse129（c）（1）uayRouisih:

ArticleⅥ:2，Ⅵ:3andⅥ:6（a）oftheGATT1994;

Articles1，9。3，11。1and18。1and18。4oftheADAgreement;

Articles10，19。4，21。1，32。1and32。5oftheSCMAgreement;and

ArticleⅩⅥ:4oftheWTOAgreement。

Iofits，thePanelmakesioicle19。1oftheDSU。

&ions:

1。aeBodycludesthatameasureisihacreement，whatshouldtheydo?

2。Talkingaboutthesurveillanentatiois。

【复习思考题】

1。试论述GATT与WTO争端解决机制的联系和区别。

2。如何理解GATT第23条中的“利益丧失或损害”？

3。专家组和上诉机构报告是否应该具有先例效力？

4。试谈谈自己对WTO争端解决机制所存在的缺陷的看法。

[1]杨国华：《WTO争端解决程序详解》，北京，中国方正出版社，2004，第28～29页。

[2]此处的散发是指，DSB以WTO文件的形式发放。DSB往往是在收到磋商请求的通知后的一段时间才正式发放。

[3]Iftheplainingpartysorequests，ameetingoftheDSBshallbeedforthispurposewithin15daysoftherequest，providedthatatleast10days’advahemeetingisgiven。